Below I publish my second quarter work in the social sciences-extra course on social change in Germany:
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Germany about social change. Banker and philosophers, professors, stockbrokers, and published last year, publications on the topic [1]. It is a broad area: the population structure, the economic system, the health system, the state and political system, cultural system, the system of settlements and also the communication system are provided in the current form of the question. The social structure of our society is changing constantly - and these snapshots are analyzed by contemporary authors. In other words
read up the article to be examined it, capitalism is "a monster". Consequently, there is the, question whether the effects of the industrial revolution, which is known to mark the beginning of modern capitalism, the German people have actually resulted in the depression. " This is supported Surveys in decades not increasing happiness in our society [2]. Speak against "welfare explosion" and "expansion of education" in Germany.
is true that the material prosperity in much of the population by the end of the 2nd World War II - first in West Germany by the "economic miracle" of the 50s, and later by the reunification in 1990 in the former East Germany - has increased markedly, but there is still inequality in Germany. The so-called "East-West gap is understood as the difference between" old "and" new "states (even after 20 years should be unity of "new" states no longer mentioned). Better still, can social inequalities, however, recognize the basis of the sinus environment. These are divided proportionally according to the company social status (lower class, middle class, upper class) and basic orientation (traditional to post modern) of its members.
Furthermore, it applies with a modern social analysis should be noted that the change has been accompanied in addition to industrial and service-oriented society a demographic change. Even before the publication of the alleged violation of a taboo work "Germany abolishes the" Thilo Sarrazin is on problems of integration and population decline been in Germany as an "inevitable destiny" is mentioned. The reasons for this lie mainly in the structural transformation of the family and the pluralization of private life forms. Whether classic bourgeois marriage, unmarried cohabitation (Nelges) or self-determined single life - every life form now seems possible, and above all accepted in many parts of society. In addition the change comes in the work: the former's life-time is for most people has a job as a life stage activity. This has also been recognized Ulrich Beck and the causes of the socio-historical change in its "customization" theory pursued. Since the 1960s three dimensions unfolded: the release dimension Entzauberungsdimension and the control dimension. An increase in a previously unsuspected degree of freedom of action in favor of the individual leads on the one hand to an increase in freedom. On the other hand, the individual loses its social-normative bonds and gets easily overwhelmed with the variety of life-binding structures. The modern citizen is thus subject of freedom and in turn to new constraints. A complete independence of the individual is not in fact possible for Beck - on the contrary - the individual is dependent on the education system, from the labor market and the zeitgeist. If
Ronald Inglehart's theory of value can change is noted that in recent decades, a shift from materialist (economic and physical security needs) towards post-materialist (intellectual and aesthetic satisfaction) occurred value orientations. It should be noted, however, a trend reversal ("change of value change") around the turn of the millennium, which attributed to a yearning for direction and security in times of crisis (the fear of terrorism, the threat of unemployment, ...) could be. If we extend Inglehart's views with those of Helmut Klages is a synthesis of values instead of a decay values must be considered as "the changing values of developments und Erfordernissen der modernen Gesellschaft“ entspricht. Dieser modernen Gesellschaft kommt der „aktive Realist“, ein Mensch, der die Bereiche Pflicht- und Akzeptanzwerte, hedonistisch-materialistische aber auch idealistische Selbstentfaltung hoch einstuft, am nächsten.
Kommen wir nun zurück auf die beiden eingangs erwähnten möglichen Gründe, welche gegen eine zunehmende gesellschaftliche Depression sprächen, nämlich „Wohlstandsexplosion“ und „Bildungsexpansion“ in der BRD: Die „Wohlstandsexplosion“ kann als Mitursache der zunehmenden Individualisierung in Industriegesellschaften gelten. Diese ist aber nicht in jeglicher Hinsicht von Vorteil wie man an can recognize from the following three dimensions of orientation of the "affluent individual". The "expansion of education" is not in itself bad. Now, with more young people in Germany, the high school than a few years make - and counting. Nevertheless, inequality of educational opportunity is undeniable. Disadvantages due to social or ethnic background may not exist if a just society will be sought. Whether a community school and / or full-day school: the debate is not new and should be here also broadens further. Not least, the unequal distribution of income and wealth in Germany, offers a bleak pessimistic thinking. Es gibt Armut in unserem Land (auch wenn diese Armut bei weitem nicht vergleichbar ist mit der in Bangladesch bspw.).
Es bleibt festzuhalten, dass Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik stets in Verknüpfung miteinander stehen. Die politischen Strukturen und Prozesse gehen zurück auf die Sozialstruktur einer Gesellschaft, welche stets einem sozialen Wandel unterworfen ist. Aufgabe der Sozialpolitik ist es, real existierende soziale Ungleichheit in soziale Gerechtigkeit zu verwandeln. Dabei werden die Weichen vor allem in der Wirtschaftspolitik gestellt. Diese wiederum ist abhängig von kontinentalen (EU) und globalen politischen Strukturen und Prozessen. Es ist alles ein riesiges Netz, welches niemals von einzelnen Autoren auch nur für den Moment annähernd vollständig analysiert werden kann – ein System allgemeiner Interdependenz.
Wie wird der zukünftige soziale Wandel unserer Gesellschaft angesichts des demographischen Wandels, der zunehmenden Individualisierung und der Nachwirkungen der weltweiten Banken- und Finanzkrise aussehen? Diese Frage kann nur offen bleiben.
Quellen und Verweise:
„Kapitel B: Sozialer Wandel, Sozialstruktur, soziale Ungleichheit, Sozialpolitik“ aus Sozialwissenschaften – Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Politik – Band II, Franz Josef Floren (Hg.), Schöningh-Verlag, 2007
[1] „Traktate der schlechten Laune“ von Georg Diez from DER SPIEGEL 48/2010
http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-75376499.html
[2] "Social War" by Richard David Precht from DER SPIEGEL 39/2010 http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-73989843.html
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